Vitalik Buterin Outlines Ethereum Scaling Roadmap With Glamsterdam Upgrades

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has outlined a new roadmap for scaling the Ethereum network. The new roadmap splits progress into near-term upgrades under Glamsterdam and longer-term shifts toward zero-knowledge and improved data handling.

According to a recent X post, the  Glamsterdam fork aims to make block verification faster and more efficient in the near term. One major change is the introduction of block-level access lists. This allows different parts of a block to be checked simultaneously rather than step by step.

Gas Repricing Aligns Fees With Real Execution Costs

Another key change is proposer-builder separation, known as ePBS, which allows validators to safely spend more time in each slot verifying blocks. As of today, only a small piece of each slot is used for this work. However, the upgrade will allow most of that time to be used without raising risks.

Furthermore, gas repricing is another significant piece. Gas fees measure the amount of computing work an operation requires. Over time, some operations became underpriced relative to their true cost. Interestingly, the Glamsterdam changes aim to fix this by aligning gas fees with actual execution time and resource use.

Notably, this phase also introduces the first step toward multidimensional gas, where execution and storage are controlled by separate limits rather than sharing a single cap.

Upgrades to Boost Ethereum’s Long-Term Scaling Capacity

One important example is how Ethereum handles state creation. Currently, writing new data to the blockchain costs much more gas than updating existing data. Glamsterdam will raise the extra cost further and separate it into its own “state creation gas” category.

According to the update, this gas will not count toward the main transaction gas cap. In other words, developers will be able to deploy larger smart contracts without crowding out normal transaction execution. The goal is to increase execution capacity faster than the growth of stored state, helping keep nodes manageable.

In the long run, Ethereum’s scaling path focuses on blobs and ZK-EVM. Blobs are large data packages already used by layer-2 networks. The primary objective is to keep improving PeerDAS so blobs can handle around 8 MB per second of data.

Eventually, Ethereum’s own block data could be stored in blobs, allowing validators to check availability without downloading everything. Adoption could grow in 2027 as security improves.

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